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LAW 1. GROUND

The field-of-play is the area as shown on the plan, bounded by, but not including, the goal lines and touch lines.
The playing area is the field-of-play and In-goal.
The playing enclosure is the playing area and a reasonable area surrounding it.
The Plan, including all words and figures thereon, is to take effect as part of these Laws.
The Terms appearing on the Plan are to bear their apparent meaning and to be deemed part of the definitions as if separately included.
(1) All lines shown on the plan must be suitably marked out. The touch lines are in touch. The goal lines are in In-goal. The dead-ball line is not in In-goal. The touch-in-goal-lines and corner posts are in touch-in-goal. The goal posts are to be erected in the goal lines. The 22 metre lines are in the 22 metre areas.
(2) The game must be played on a ground of the area (maximum) shown on the plan and marked in accordance with the plan. The surface must be grass-covered or, where this is not available, clay or sand provided the surface is not of dangerous hardness.
(3) Any objection by either team about the ground or the way in which it is marked out must be made to the referee before the first kick off. If teams cannot agree as to the safety of the ground the referee will decide whether the game may begin. If there is any doubt as to the safety of the ground the referee will not allow the game to begin until the ground has been made safe.
LAW 2. BALL
(1) The ball when new shall be oval in shape, of four panels and of the following dimensions:
Length in line ..............................280 to 300 mm
Circumference (end on) ......................760 to 790 mm
Circumference (in width) ..................580 to 620 mm
Weight ..................................... 400 to 440 gms
Note:- (i) The ball, at commencement of play, should have a pressure at sea level of 91/2-10lbs per square inch or 0.67-0.70 kilograms per square centimetre.
(2) The dimensions of the ball may be reduced only for younger schoolboys.
(3) Balls may be specially treated to make them resistant to mud and easier to grip. The casings need not be of leather.
Note:- (ii) It is permissible to have spare balls available during a match, but a team may not gain or attempt to gain an unfair advantage through their use or by changing them.
LAW 3. THE NUMBER OF PLAYERS AND THE REPLACEMENT OF PLAYERS
Number of Players in a Team
(1) A Team shall comprise:
(a) no more than fifteen players on the playing area
(b) a number of players for replacement / substitution as authorised by the Laws of the Game.
(2) When a Union authorises matches to be played with fewer than fifteen players per team, the Laws of the Game shall apply except that there will be no fewer than three players per team in the scrummage at all times.
Note:- (i) Seven-a-Side games are covered by the standard set of variations adopted for this type of game.
(3) Any objection by either team as regards the number of players in a team may be made to the referee at any time but objections shall not affect any score previously obtained.
Nomination of players for replacement / substitution.
(4) For International matches a Union may nominate up to seven replacements/substitutes.
For other matches the number of replacements / substitutes is the responsibility of the Union having jurisdiction over the match provided they otherwise comply with the Laws of the Game.
Nominated players and replacements / substitutes of a team.
(5) A team must include suitably trained / experienced players as follows:
(a) if a team nominates 16, 17 or 18 players it must have at least four players who can play in front row positions;
(b) if a team nominates 19, 20, 21 or 22 players, it must have at least five players who can play in front row positions.
UNDER 19 VARIATION: Add a new Section 13
5 (c) if a team nominates 22 players, it must have at least six players who can play in the front row and there must be replacement cover for the loose head prop, hooker and tight head prop;
(d) if a team nominates more than 22 players it must have six players who can play in the front row in order that there is replacement cover for the loose head prop, hooker and tight head prop and there must be three players who can play in lock positions.
Injured Player and his Replacement
(6) An injured player should stop playing and be replaced as follows:
(a) On the account of a bleeding or open wound the player must leave the playing area until such time as the bleeding is controlled and the wound is covered or dressed; the replacement of the player is temporary but, if he is unable to resume playing, the replacement becomes permanent.
(b) On the account of any other type of injury; if the referee is advised by a doctor or other medically trained person or for any other reason considers that a player is so injured that it would be harmful for him to continue playing, the referee shall require the player to leave the playing area. For this purpose the referee may also require a player to leave the field to be examined medically.
(7) An injured player who has been permanently replaced must NOT resume playing.
(8) The replacement of an injured player may be made on the following advice:
(a) in matches in which a national representative team is playing, by a medical practitioner only.
(b) in other matches, by a medically trained person, or if a medically trained person is not present, by a request from the team's captain to the referee.
(9) The replacement of an injured player shall be made only when the ball is dead and with the permission of the referee. The referee should not permit a player to resume until the ball is dead.
Substituted Players
(10) Up to two substitutes of front row players and up to five substitutes of the other players may be made for any reason only when the ball is dead and with the permission of the referee.
(11) Players who have been substituted may not re-enter the match even to replace an injured player except in the case of a player having a bleeding or open wound. or for an injured front row player if no other suitably trained replacement is available.
(12) In the event of a front row forward being ordered off, the referee, in the interests of safety, will confer with the captain of his team to determine whether another player is suitably trained / experienced to take his position; if not the captain shall nominate one other forward to leave the playing area and the referee will permit a substitute front row forward to replace him. This may take place immediately or after another player has been tried in the position.
When there is no other front row forward available due to a sequence of players ordered off or injured of both, then the game will continue with non-contestable scrummages which are the same as normal scrummages except that:
* there is no contest for the ball
* the team putting in the ball must win it
* neither team is permitted to push
* the formation of both teams must be 3-4-1
* if one team is one player short, then its scrummage must be in a 3-4 formation
* if one team is two players short, then its scrummage must be in a 3-2-1 formation
* if one team is three players short, then its scrummage must be in a 3-2 formation.
(13) Players who have been substituted may replace an injured player.
LAW 4. PLAYERS' DRESS
(1) A player's dress consists of jersey, shorts and undergarments, socks and boots.
(2) In addition, and subject to (3) below, a player may also wear:
(a) supports made of elasticated or compressible materials which must be washable;
(b) shin guards provided that no part of the guard exceeds 0.5 cms, and it is covered by non-rigid fabric and worn under a sock;
(c) ankle supports which may be of rigid material other than metal. Such support may only be used if:
* it is worn under a sock
* does not extend higher than one third of the length of the shin
(d) mitts (fingerless gloves);
(e) shoulder pads made of soft and thin materials and which may be incorporated in an undergarment or the jersey provided that:
* the pads shall cover the shoulder and collar bone only
* no part of the pads shall be thicker than 1 cm when uncompressed
* no part of the pads shall have a density of more than 45 kg per cubic metre
The measurement of thickness and density shall include any other material within which the pads are incorporated and/or secured to the shoulder.
(f) In the case of women only, chest pads made of soft and thin materials and which may be incorporated as part of a garment and provided that:
* the pads shall cover the shoulder and/or collar bone and/or chest only;
* no part of the pads shall be thicker than 1 cm when uncompressed; and
* no part of the pads shall have a density of more than 45 kg per cubic metre.
The measurement of thickness and density shall include any other material within which the pads are incorporated and/or secured to the shoulder.
(g) mouth guard;
(h) headgear made of soft and thin materials and provided that:
* no part of the headgear shall be thicker than 1 cm when uncompressed; and
* no part of the headgear shall have a density of more than 45 kg per cubic metre.
The measurements of thickness and density shall include any other material forming part of the headgear and/or means of securing.
(i) bandages and/or dressings to cover or protect any injury;
(j) thin tape or other similar material as support and/or to prevent any injury.
(3) The following are strictly prohibited:
(a) any item which is contaminated by blood;
(b) any item which is sharp or abrasive;
(c) any item containing buckles, clips, rings, hinges, zippers, screw, bolts or rigid material or projection not otherwise permitted under this Law;
(d) jewellery such as rings and earrings;
(e) gloves;
(f) shorts with padding sewn into them;
(g) any item, save where permitted by Law 4 (2) (e), (f) or (h) of which any part is thicker than 0.5 cm when uncompressed or which has a density of more than 45 kg per cubic metre;
(h) any item which, in the referee's opinion, and whether due to it not being an item permitted by Law 4 or, where permitted, because of its condition, is such as to be liable to cause injury to any player.
(4) Any boot worn by a player must conform to the following:
(a) studs most conform to British Standard BS6366 1983 or an equivalent standard;
(b) studs must be:
* securely fastened to the sole of the boot
* no longer than 18 mm, measured from the sole
* a minimum diameter at the base of the stud of 13 mm
* a minimum diameter at the top of the stud of 10 mm
* where secured by an integral washer, that to have a minimum diameter of 20 mm
* not worn as a single stud at the toe of the boot
(a) moulded rubber multi-studded soles must have no sharp edges or ridges;
(5) As from 1st January 1999 an item not bearing the authorised mark of the IRB shall be presumed to be not in conformity with the requirements of this Law.
(6) In order to ensure conformity with this Law, a referee or a touch judge appointed in accordance with Law 6 (b) 6 must:
(a) not permit any player whose dress or additional items worn are not in conformity with this Law, to commence the match; or
(b) ensure that if any player is found during any match to be wearing an item which does not conform to this Law then the player shall be ordered off the field-of-play under Law 26 (2) (a).
Notes: (i) Any player requiring or wishing to wear any dressing, protection, padding or support or such like material other than that specified within this Law should not be permitted to play in a match.
(ii) The referee must not permit any player to leave the playing area in order to change an item of dress unless these are bloodstained.
LAW 5. TOSS, TIME
No-side is the end of a match.
(1) Before a match begins the captains shall toss for the right to kick-off or the choice of ends.
(2) The duration of play in a match shall be such time not exceeding eighty minutes as shall be directed by the Union or, in the absence of such direction, as agreed upon by the teams or, if not agreed, as fixed by the referee. In international matches two periods of forty minutes each shall be played,
except for Under 19 matches when two periods of up to thirty-five minutes each shall be played and no extra time is permitted if this total then exceeds seventy minutes.
Note:- (i) The term "not exceeding eighty minutes" excludes any extra time which the Union may direct or authorise to be played in the case of a drawn match in a knock-out competition.
(3) Play shall be divided into two halves. At half time the teams shall change ends and there shall be an interval of not more than ten minutes. The duration of the interval shall be decided by the Union or the recognised body having jurisdiction over the game. During the interval the teams, the referees and the touch judges may leave the playing enclosure.
(4) A period not exceeding one minute shall be allowed for treatment of an injury to a player or for any other permitted delay. A longer period may be allowed only if the additional time is required for the removal of an injured player from the playing area.
Playing time lost as a result of any such permitted delay or of any delay in taking a kick at goal or of any delay due to the substitution of a player shall be made up in that half of the match in which the delay occurred, subject to the power vested in the referee to declare no-side before time has expired.
Note:-(ii) The referee must make up time lost through any delay in taking a kick at goal. This applies whether or not the referee considers the delay to be "undue delay" on the part of the kicker. Playing time lost should begin from 40 seconds after the player has indicated his intention to kick at goal. The referee must also make up time lost through any delay related to Law 6B(6).
A. Referee
(1) There shall be a referee for every match. He shall be appointed by or under the authority of the Union or, in case no such authorised referee has been appointed, a referee may be mutually agreed upon between the teams or, failing such agreement, he shall be appointed by the home team.
(2) If the referee is unable to officiate for the whole period of a match a replacement shall be appointed either in such manner as may be directed by the Union or, in the absence of such direction, by the referee or, if he is unable to do so, by the home team.
(3) The referee shall keep the time and the score, and he must in every match apply fairly the Laws of the Game without any variation or omission, except only when the Union has authorised the application of an experimental law approved by the Council.
Notes:- (i) If the referee is in doubt as to the correct time he should consult either or both of the touch judges. Only if the information given by them is insufficient may he consult another person.
(ii) Where the referee allows time for delays the time must be made up in the half of the match in which the delay occurs.
(iii) The referee has power to declare no-side before time has expired if, in his opinion, the full time cannot for any reason be played or continuance of play would be dangerous.
(iv) Where a player is injured, the referee should not allow more than one minute's delay unless a longer period is necessary to remove the player, or to give essential treatment on the playing area.
(v) The referee should not allow time for injury if he has reason to believe that a player is feigning injury. In such circumstances he should order the player to be removed immediately from the playing area and then order play to be resumed forthwith.
(vi) The referee should, when the ball is dead, allow time for a player to replace or repair a badly torn jersey or shorts or boots or to re-tie a boot-lace
(4) He must not give any advice prior to the match. During the match he must not consult with anyone except only
(a) either or both touch judges on a point of fact relevant to their duties, or on matters relating to Law 26(3)", or
(b) in regard to time.
(5) During a match, the referee is the sole judge of fact and of law. All his decisions are binding on the players. He cannot alter a decision unless he observes that a touch judge's flag is raised or before he has received a report from either or both of his touch judges relating to Section 4 (a).
(6) The referee must carry a whistle and must blow it
(a) to indicate the beginning of the match, half-time, resumption of play after half-time, no-side, a score or a touch-down, and
(b) to stop play because of infringement or otherwise as required by the Laws.
Notes:- (vii) The referee has power to stop the match at any time by blowing his whistle but he must not do so except on the occasions indicated in Law 6A (6) which include the following:
(a) when he orders a scrummage;
(b) when the ball has gone into touch or touch-in-goal, or touched or crossed the dead-ball lines;
(c) when the ball has been grounded in In-goal;
(d) when the ball is unplayable;
(e) when he stops play for an offence under Law 26(3) prior to ordering off or cautioning the offender; and in such a case he must whistle a second time when he awards the penalty try or kick;
(f) when he awards a penalty kick or free kick;
(g) when he allows a fair-catch;
(h) when the ball or a player carrying it has touched him and one team has therefrom gained an advantage;
(i) when a player is injured but only when the ball next becomes dead unless (j) below applies;
(j) when continuation of play would be dangerous, including the collapse of a scrummage.
(viii) The referee should whistle for half-time or no-side as soon as time has expired if the ball be dead or if the ball be in play when the time has expired, as soon as the ball next becomes dead. If the ball becomes dead after time has expired
(a) as the result of a try the referee shall allow the kick to be taken and then whistle for half-time or no-side, or if it be
(b) as the result of a fair-catch, free kick or penalty kick the referee shall allow play to proceed until the ball next becomes dead.
If time expires after a scrummage or a line-out has been awarded, play must be allowed to continue until the ball next becomes dead.
(7) During a match no person other than the players, the referee and the touch judges may be within the playing enclosure or the playing area unless with the permission of the referee which shall be given only for a special and temporary purpose.
Play may continue during minor injuries with a medically trained person being permitted to come on to the playing area to attend the player or the player going to the touch-line. Continuation of play during minor injuries is subject to the referee's permission and to his authority to stop play at any time.
At half time the referee shall allow the coach of each team on to the playing area to attend their teams.
Notes:- (ix) If the referee decides to stop play in the terms of Section (7) but without an infringement having occurred or without the ball being dead, he should restart play with a scrummage and the ball shall be put in by the team last in possession or otherwise by the attacking team.
(x) The referee should, when necessary, but not before he indicates his permission, allow baggage attendants, doctors or first-aid personnel other than as provided in Section (7) to enter the playing enclosure and playing area.
(8) (a) All players must respect the authority of the referee and they must not dispute his decisions. They must (except in the case of a kick-off) stop playing at once when the referee has blown his whistle.
(b) A player must when so requested, whether before or during the match, allow the referee to inspect his dress.
(c) A player must not leave the playing enclosure without the referee's permission. If a player retires during a match because of injury or otherwise, he must not resume playing in that match until the referee has given him permission.
(d) A player who has an open or bleeding wound must leave the playing area until such time as the bleeding is controlled and the wound is covered or dressed. Such a player may be replaced, on a temporary basis, but if unable to resume playing the replacement becomes permanent.
Notes:- (xi) The referee must not permit a team or individual players to leave the playing area in order to change jerseys.
(xii) If a player who has retired on account of injury or other reason resumes playing without the permission of the referee, the referee should impose penalties for misconduct if he considers that the offence was wilful for the purpose of assisting his team or obstructing the opponents. If the offence was not wilful interference and if the offending team gains an advantage the referee should order a scrummage at the place where the player resumed playing without permission, and the opposing team shall put in the ball.
Penalty:- Infringement by a player is subject to penalty as misconduct.
B. Touch Judges
(1) There shall be two touch judges for every match. Unless touch judges have been appointed by or under the authority of the Union, it shall be the responsibility of each team to provide a touch judge.
(2) A touch judge is under the control of the referee who may instruct him as to his duties and may over-rule any of his decisions. The referee may request that an unsatisfactory touch judge be replaced and he has power to order off and report to the Union a touch judge who in his opinion is guilty of misconduct.
(3) Each touch judge shall carry a flag (or other suitable object) to signal his decisions. There shall be one touch judge on each side of the ground and he shall remain in touch except when judging a kick at goal.
4) He must hold up his flag when the ball or a player carrying it has gone into touch and must indicate the place of throw-in and which team is entitled to do so. He must also signal to the referee when the ball or a player carrying it has gone into touch-in-goal.
(5) The touch judge shall lower his flag when the ball has been thrown in except on the following occasions when he must keep it raised:-
(a) when the player throwing in the ball puts any part of either foot in the field-of-play,
(b) when the ball has not been thrown in by the team entitled to do so,
(c) When, at a quick throw-in, the ball that went into touch and being made dead, the ball has been touched by anyone other than the player throwing it in.
It is for the referee to decide whether or not the ball has been thrown in from the correct place.
(6) In matches in which a national representative team is playing and in such domestic matches for which a Union gives express permission, and where referees recognised by the Union are appointed as touch judges, the touch judges shall report incidents of foul play and misconduct under Law 26 (3) to the referee for the match.
A touch judge shall signal such an incident to the referee by raising his flag to a horizontal position pointing directly across the field at a right angle to the touch line. The touch judge must remain in touch and continue to carry out his other functions until the next stoppage in play when the referee shall consult him regarding the incident. The referee may then take whatever action he deems appropriate and any consequent penalties shall be in accordance with Law 26(3).
Note:- (xiii) After a touch judge has signalled an incident under Law 26(3) he may enter the field-of-play at the next stoppage to report to the referee.
(7) When a kick at goal from a try or penalty kick is being taken both touch judges must assist the referee by signalling the result of the kick. One touch judge shall stand at or behind each of the goal posts and shall raise his flag if the ball goes over the crossbar.
(8) Where a reserve touch judge is appointed, the referee's authority regarding replacements and substitutions may be delegated to him.
LAW 7. MODE OF PLAY
A match is started by a kick-off, after which any player who is on-side, and provided he does so in accordance with these Laws may at any time:
* catch or pick up the ball and run with it,
* pass, throw or knock the ball to another player,
* kick or otherwise propel the ball,
* tackle, push or shoulder an opponent holding the ball,
* fall on the ball,
* take part in a scrummage, ruck, maul or line-out,
* ground the ball in In-goal.
Note:- (i) If a player hands the ball to another player of his team without any propulsion or throwing of the ball, this does constitute a pass.
LAW 8. ADVANTAGE
The referee shall not whistle for an infringement during play which is followed by an advantage gained by the non-offending team. An advantage must be either territorial or such possession of the ball as constitutes an obvious tactical advantage. A mere opportunity to gain advantage is not sufficient.
Notes:- (i) The referee is given a wide discretion as to what constitutes an advantage and is not limited to a territorial advantage. The referee is the sole judge of whether an advantage has been gained.
(ii) Neither team may gain an advantage from the following circumstances:-
(a) when the ball or a player carrying it touches the referee (Law 9(1));
(b) when the ball emerges from either end of the tunnel at a scrummage not having been played (Law 20, note (xiv)).
(iii) When any irregularity of play not provided for in the Laws occurs, a scrummage shall be formed where the irregularity occurred. In deciding which team should put in the ball, the referee should apply Law 20(7).
LAW 9. BALL OR PLAYER TOUCHING REFEREE
(1) If the ball or a player carrying it touches the referee in the field-of-play, play shall continue unless the referee considers either team has gained an advantage in which case he shall order a scrummage. The team which last played the ball shall put it in.
Notes:- (i) If the ball, while in play in In-goal at either end but not held by a player, touches the referee, a touch judge, or a spectator, a touch-down shall be awarded provided that a touch-down would otherwise have been obtained or the ball would have gone into touch-in-goal or on or over the dead ball line.
(ii) If the ball while in play in In-goal at either end, but not held by a player, touches the referee, a touch judge, or a spectator, a try shall be awarded at that place provided an attacking player would otherwise have scored it.
(iii) When the ball touches a spectator in either of the above cases, if the referee is in doubt, the award shall be made to the visiting team if that team is the defending team under (i) or the attacking team under (ii).
LAW 10. KICK-OFF
Kick-off is (a) a place kick taken from the centre of the half-way line by the team which has the right to start the match or by the opposing team on the resumption of play after the half-time interval or (b) a drop kick taken at or from behind the centre of the half-way line by the defending team after the opposing side has scored.
The ball must be kicked from the correct place and by the correct form of kick; otherwise it shall be kicked off again.
(2) The ball must reach the opponents' ten metres line, unless first played by an opponent; otherwise it shall be kicked off again, or a scrummage formed at the centre, at the opponents' option. If it reaches the ten metres line and is then blown back, play shall continue.
(3) If the ball is kicked directly into touch, the opposing team may accept the kick, have the ball kicked off again, or have a scrummage formed at the centre.
(4) If the ball crosses the opposing team's goal line from a kick-off, without touching or being touched by a player, the opposing team has the option of grounding the ball, making it dead, or playing on. If the opposing team grounds the ball or makes it dead or the ball becomes dead by touch-in-goal or by touching or crossing the dead ball line, they will have the option of either having a scrummage formed at the centre of the half-way line, with the put-in, or having the other team kick-off again.
(5) The kicker's team must be behind the ball when kicked; otherwise a scrummage shall be formed at the centre.
(6) The opposing team must stand on or behind the ten metre line. If they are in front of that line or if they charge before the ball has been kicked, it shall be kicked off again.
Notes:- (i) The option in Section (4) must be exercised without delay and if a defending player after gathering the ball in-goal, runs with it or passes it, he has taken the option to play on.
(ii) The use of sand, sawdust or an approved kicking tee is permitted for placing the ball.
LAW 11. METHOD OF SCORING
Try. A try is scored by first grounding the ball in the opponents' In-goal.
A try shall be awarded if one would probably have been scored but for foul play by the opposing team.
Goal. A goal is scored by kicking the ball over the opponents' crossbar and between the goal posts from the field-of-play by any place kick or drop kick, except a kick-off, drop-out or free-kick, without touching the ground or any player of the kicker's team.
A goal is scored if the ball has crossed the bar notwithstanding a prior offence of the opposing team.
A goal is scored if the ball has crossed the bar, even though it may have been blown backwards afterwards, and whether it has touched the crossbar or either goal post of not.
A goal may be awarded if the ball is illegally touched by any player of the opposing team and if the referee considers that a goal would otherwise probably have been scored.
The scoring values are as follows:
A try 5 points
A goal scored after a try 2 points
A goal from a penalty kick 3 points
A dropped goal otherwise obtained but not from a free kick
or after a scrum taken in lieu of a free kick 3 points
LAW 12. TRY AND TOUCH-DOWN
Grounding the ball is the act of a player who
(a) while holding the ball in his hand (or hands) or arm (or arms) brings the ball in contact with the ground, or
(b) while the ball is on the ground either
* places his hand (or hands) or arm (or arms) on it with downward pressure, or
* falls upon it and the ball is anywhere under the front of his body from waist to neck inclusive.
Picking up the ball from the ground is not grounding it.
A. Try
(1) A player who is on-side scores a try when
* he carries the ball into his opponents' In-goal, or
* the ball is in his opponents' In-goal,
AND he first grounds it there.
(2) The scoring of a try includes the following cases:-
(a) if a player carries, passes, knocks or kicks the ball into his In-goal and an opponent first grounds it,
(b) if, at a scrummage or ruck, a team is pushed over its goal-line and before the ball has emerged it is first grounded in In-goal by an attacking player,
(c) if the momentum of a player, when tackled, carries him into his opponents' In-goal and he first there grounds the ball,
(d) if a player first grounds the ball on his opponents' goal-line or if the ball is in contact with the ground and a goal post,
(e) if a tackle occurs in such a position that the tackled player whilst complying with the Law is able to place the ball on or over the goal-line.
(3) If a player grounds the ball in his opponents' In-goal and picks it up again, a try is scored where it was first grounded.
(4) A try may be scored by a player who is in touch or in touch-in-goal provided he is not carrying the ball.
B. Penalty Try
A penalty try shall be awarded between the posts if but for foul play by the defending team
* a try would probably have been scored, or
* it would probably have been scored in a more favourable position than that where the ball was grounded.
C. Touch-Down
(1) A touch-down occurs when a player first grounds the ball in his In-goal.
(2) After a touch-down, play shall be re-started either by a drop-out or a scrummage.
D. Scrummage after Grounding in Case of Doubt
Where there is doubt as to which team first grounded the ball in In-goal, a scrummage shall be formed five metres from the goal-line opposite the place where the ball was grounded. The attacking team shall put in the ball.
LAW 13. KICK AT GOAL AFTER A TRY
(1) After a try has been scored, the scoring team has the right to take a place kick or drop kick at goal, on a line through the place where the try was scored.
(2) If a kick is taken:
(a) it must be taken without undue delay;
(b) any player including the kicker may place the ball;
(c) the kicker's team, except a placer, must be behind the ball when kicked;
(d) the opposing team must be behind the goal-line until the kicker begins his run or offers to kick when they may charge or jump with a view to preventing a goal.
(3) Neither the kicker nor a placer shall wilfully do anything which may lead the opposing team to charge prematurely. If either does so, the charge shall not be disallowed.
Penalty:-
* For an infringement by the kicker's team - the kick shall be disallowed.
* For an infringement by the opposing team - the charge shall be disallowed. If, however, the kick has been taken successfully, the goal shall stand. If it was unsuccessful, the kicker may take another kick under the original conditions without the charge and may change the type of kick.
Notes:- (i) In addition to the general provision regarding waste of time, the kicker is bound to kick without delay, under penalty.
A player should not be permitted to be unreasonably slow in taking any kick at goal. A period of one minute between the indication of intention to kick at goal and the actual kick is well inside the zone of 'undue delay'. A player who is unreasonably slow should be warned that if he persists in delay, penalties will be applied.
Even without a caution, if the delay is clearly a breach of law, the kick should be disallowed and a kick-off ordered.
(ii) The referee must always make up time lost by any delay in taking the kick, as is provided for in note (ii) under Law 5.
(iii) The referee should see that the opposing players do not gradually creep up and that they have both feet behind the goal line, otherwise he should disallow the charge.
(iv) Shouting by the defending team during a kick at goal should be treated as misconduct and, if no goal is scored, another kick should be allowed without the charge.
(v) When another kick is allowed for any reason, all the original preliminaries may be taken.
(vi) If the ball rolls over and away from the line through the place where the try was scored and the ball is kicked over the crossbar, a goal should be awarded.
(vii) If, after the kicker has commenced his run, the ball rolls over into touch, another kick under the original conditions should not be allowed.
(viii) The kick must be taken with the ball which was in play unless the referee decides that the ball is defective.
(ix) The use of sand, sawdust or an approved kicking tee is permitted for placing the ball.
LAW 14. IN-GOAL
In-goal is the area bounded by a goal-line, touch-in-goal lines and dead ball line. It includes the goal line and goal posts but excludes touch-in-goal-lines and dead-ball line.
Touch-in-goal occurs when the ball or a player carrying it touches a corner post or a touch-in-goal line or the ground or a person or object on or beyond it. The flag is not part of the corner post.
Five Metres Scrummage
(1) A five metre scrummage is a scrummage formed five metres from the goal-line opposite the place where the ball became dead in In-goal, but no closer than five metres from the touch-line.
(2) If a player carrying the ball in In-goal is so held that he cannot ground the ball, the ball becomes dead.
Note:- (i) If play similar to a maul takes place in In-goal, Law 14(2) applies.
(3) A five metre scrummage shall be formed and the attacking team shall put in the ball:
(a) if a defending player heels, kicks, carries, passes or knocks the ball into his In-goal, and it there becomes dead without an infringement having occurred, except where
* a try is scored, or
* he wilfully knocks or throws the ball from the field-of-play into touch-in-goal or over his dead-ball line, or
(b) if a defending player carrying the ball in the field-of-play is forced into his In-goal and he then touches down, or
(c) if, at a scrummage or ruck a defending team, with the ball in its possession, is pushed over its goal-line and before the ball has emerged first grounds it in In-goal.
Note:- (ii) If from a free kick or a penalty kick taken in In-goal the ball is made dead by the defending team before it has crossed the goal-line, a scrummage shall be awarded to the attacking team five metres from the goal-line opposite to where it was made dead.
Drop-Out
(4) As a result of an infringement by the attacking team in In-goal for which the penalty is a scrummage the defending team shall put in the ball.
(5) Except where the ball is knocked on or thrown forward in the field-of-play or In-goal, if an attacking player kicks, carries, passes or charges down the ball from an opponents kick and it travels into his opponents In-goal, either directly or having touched a defender who does not wilfully attempt to stop, catch or kick it, and it is there
* grounded by a defending player, or
* goes into touch in goal or over the dead-ball-line
a drop-out shall be awarded.
Penalties
(a) A penalty try shall be awarded when by foul play in In-goal the defending team has prevented a try which otherwise would probably have been scored.
(b) A try shall be disallowed and a penalty kick awarded, if a try would probably not have been gained but for foul play by the attacking team.
(c) For foul play in In-goal while the ball is out of play the penalty kick shall be awarded at the place where play would otherwise have re-started and, in addition, the player shall either be ordered off or cautioned that he will be sent off if he repeats the offence.
(d) For wilfully charging or obstructing in In-goal a player who has just kicked the ball the penalty shall be
* a penalty kick in the field-of-play five metres from the goal-line opposite the place of infringement, or, at the option of the non-offending team,
* a penalty kick where the ball alights as provided under Law 26(3) Penalty (ii)(b).
(e) for other infringements in In-goal, the penalty shall be the same as for a similar infringement in the field-of-play except that the mark for a penalty kick or free kick shall be in the field-of-play five metres from the goal-line opposite the place of infringement and the place of any scrummage shall be five metres from the goal-line opposite the place of infringement but not within five metres of the touch-line.
Note:- (iii) When the ball has been made dead as provided under Law 15(7) a drop out may be awarded.
(iv) Section (5) applies when the defending player has part of either foot on or behind the goal-line.
LAW 15. DROP-OUT
A drop-out is a drop kick awarded to the defending team.
(1) The drop kick must be taken from anywhere on or behind the twenty-two metres line; otherwise the ball shall be dropped out again.
(2) The drop kick must be taken without delay.
Penalty: Free kick on the 22 metre line
(3) The ball must cross the 22 metre line; otherwise the opposing team may have it dropped out again, or have a scrummage formed at the centre of the 22 metre line. If it crosses the 22 metre line and is then blown back, play shall continue.
Note:- (i) The advantage Law applies where the drop kick does not reach the twenty-two metres line.
(4) The kicker's team must be behind the ball when kicked. However, retiring players of the kicker's team who are in front of the ball will not be penalised if their failure to retire is due to the rapidity with which the kick has been taken but they must not stop retiring and must not enter the game until they have been made on-side by an action of their own team as required by Law 25 (1).
(5) The kicker's team must be behind the ball when kicked. However, retiring players of the kicker's team who are in front of the ball will not be penalised if their failure to retire is due to the rapidity with which the kick has been taken but they must not stop retiring and must not enter the game until they have been made on-side by an action of their own team as required by Law 25 (1).
Penalty: Scrummage at the centre of the twenty-two metres line and the opposing team shall put in the ball.
(5) The opposing team must not charge over the twenty-two metres line; otherwise the ball shall be dropped out again.
(6) When the ball has been made dead by the attacking team by a kick, other than an unsuccessful kick at goal, which goes into touch-in-goal or on or over the dead ball line, the defending team will have the option of a drop-out or of a scrummage. If a scrummage is chosen, the scrummage will be ordered at the place from where the ball was kicked but not less than five metres from the touch-line.
(7) When the ball has been made dead by a team from a kick, other than an unsuccessful penalty kick at goal or a dropped goal attempt, which goes into touch-in-goal or on or over the dead-ball line, the defending team will have the option of a drop-out or of a scrummage. If a scrummage is chosen, the scrummage will be ordered at the place from where the ball was kicked but not less than five metres from the touch-line.
Note:- (ii) If a player of the opposing team remains beyond or crosses the twenty-two metres line for the purpose of delaying or interfering with the player who is about to drop-out, a penalty under Law 26(3)(i) should be awarded.
LAW 16. FAIR-CATCH (MARK)
(a) A player makes a fair-catch when, in his twenty-two metres area or in his In-goal, he cleanly catches the ball direct from a kick, other than from a kick-off, by one of his opponents and at the same time he exclaims 'Mark'. A fair catch may be obtained even though the ball on its way touches a goal post or crossbar.
(b) A free kick is awarded for a fair-catch.
(1) The free kick must be taken by the player making the fair-catch, unless he is injured in so doing. If he is unable to take the kick within one minute a scrummage shall be formed at the mark. His team shall put in the ball.
(2) If the mark is in In-goal, any resultant scrummage shall be five metres from the goal line on a line through the mark.
Note-: (i) If an opponent unfairly charges the catcher in the playing area after the referee has blown his whistle for a fair catch, a penalty kick shall be awarded.
LAW 17. KNOCK-ON OR THROW-FORWARD
A knock-on occurs when the ball travels forward towards the direction of the opponents' dead-ball line after: -
* a player loses possession of it, or
* a player propels or strikes it with his hand or arm, or
* it strikes a player's hand or arm and touches the ground or another player before it is recovered by the player.
A throw-forward occurs when a player carrying the ball throws or passes it in the direction of his opponents' dead-ball line. A throw-in from touch is not a throw-forward. If the ball is not thrown or passed forward but it bounces forward after hitting a player or the ground, it is not a throw-forward.
Notes-: (i) A pass, throw or knock-on should not be adjudged an infringement unless it is clearly so under the Law. If there is any doubt, play should be allowed to proceed.
(1) The knock-on or throw-forward must not be intentional.
Penalty:- Penalty kick at the place of infringement or in accord with Law 14 Penalty (e). A penalty try may be awarded.
(2) If the knock-on or throw-forward is unintentional, a scrummage shall be formed:
(a) at the place of infringement;
(b) if it occurs at a line-out, 15 metres from the touch-line along the line-of-touch; or
(c) if it occurs in In-goal, five metres from the goal-line in line with the infringement, but not closer than five metres from the touch-line unless:
* The ball is knocked on by a player who is in the act of charging down the kick of an opponent but is not attempting to catch the ball, or
* The ball is knocked on one or more times by a player who is in the act of catching or picking it up or losing possession of it and is recovered by that player before it has touched the ground or another player.
Note:- (ii) If an attacking player knocks-on or throws-forward in the field-of-play and the ball travels into In-goal, either directly or after having touched a defender who does not wilfully attempt to stop, catch or kick it, and it is there
(a) grounded by a player of either team, or
(b) goes into touch-in-goal or over the dead-ball line, a scrummage should be awarded at the place of the knock-on or throw-forward.
LAW 18. TACKLE, LYING WITH, ON OR NEAR THE BALL
A tackle occurs when a player carrying the ball in the field-of-play is held by one or more opponents so that while he is so held he is brought to the ground or the ball comes into contact with the ground. If the ball carrier is on one knee, or both knees, or is sitting on the ground, or is on top of another player who is on the ground, the ball carrier is deemed to have been brought to the ground.
(1) (a) A tackled player must immediately
pass the ball
or
release the ball
and
get up or move away from the ball.
(b) Any player who tackles an opponent and, in doing so, goes to ground in the same way as the tackled player, must immediately release the tackled player
and
get up or move away from the tackled player and the ball. He must not play the ball until he is on his feet.
(c) After a tackle any other player must be on his feet when he plays the ball. A player is on his feet if no other part of his body is supported by the ground or by players lying on the ground.
(d) A player who goes to the ground and gathers the ball or with the ball in his possession but who is not tackled must immediately
get up on his feet with the ball
or
pass the ball
or
release the ball
and
get up or move away from the ball.
Notes:- (i) The requirement to release the ball allows a player to put the ball on the ground in any direction or to push it along the ground (but not in a forward direction), provided the action is immediate.
(ii) It is not a tackle if the ball carrier is lifted by an opponent so that both his feet are off the ground.
(iii) If a tackled player does not pass or release the ball immediately and the referee is in doubt as to responsibility for failure to pass or release it, he should at once order a scrummage.
(iv) If a tackle occurs in such a position that the tackled player whilst complying with the Law, is able to place the ball on or over the goal line he may do so to obtain a try or a touchdown. In such circumstances an opposing player may attempt to prevent the try or touchdown by pulling the ball from the player in possession, but must not kick the ball.
(v) If a tackle occurs near the goal-line and the ball, having been released by the tackled player, goes into the In-goal, any player of either team may ground the ball and need not be on his feet in these circumstances.
(vi) Danger may arise if a tackled player fails to pass or release or move away from the ball at once or is prevented form doing so. In such cases the referee should not delay in awarding a penalty kick.
(vii) Advantage shall be played only if it occurs immediately.
(2) It is illegal for any player:
(a) to prevent a tackled player from passing or releasing the ball, or getting up or moving away after he has passed or released it,
(b) to pull the ball from a tackled player's possession or attempt to pick up the ball before the tackled player has released it,
(c) while lying on the ground after a tackle to play or interfere with the ball in any way or to tackle or attempt to tackle an opponent carrying the ball,
(d) to wilfully fall on or over a player lying on the ground with the ball in his possession,
(e) to wilfully fall on or over players lying on the ground with the ball between them or in close proximity;
(f) while lying on the ground in close proximity to the ball to prevent an opponent from gaining possession of it; or
(g) while on his feet to charge or obstruct an opponent who is not in close proximity to the ball.
Note:- (viii) Close proximity means within one metre.
Penalty:- Penalty kick at the place of infringement.
(3) A try may be scored if the momentum of a player carries him into his opponents' In-goal even though he is tackled.
LAW 19. LYING WITH, ON OR NEAR THE BALL
The requirements of this Law are now incorporated into Law 18.
LAW 20. SCRUMMAGE
A scrummage, which can take place only in the field-of-play, is formed by players from each team closing up in readiness to allow the ball to be put on the ground between them but is not to be formed within five metres of the touch-line or within five metres of the goal-line.
The middle player in each front row is the hooker, and the players on either side of him are the props.
The middle line means an imaginary line on the ground directly beneath the line formed by the junction of the shoulders of the two front rows.
If the ball in a scrummage is on or over the goal line the scrummage is ended.
Forming a Scrummage
(1) A team must not wilfully delay the forming of a scrummage (F.K.)
(2) Every scrummage shall be formed at the place of infringement or as near thereto as is practicable within the field-of-play. It must be stationary with the middle line parallel to the goal lines until the ball has been put in.
Before commencing engagement, each front row must be in a crouched position with heads and shoulders no lower than their hips and so that they are not more than one arm's length from the opponents' shoulders.
In the interest of safety, each front row should engage in the sequence of crouch, then pause and only engage on the call "Engage" given by the referee (F.K.)
UNDER 19 VARIATION: Replace the previous paragraph with the following paragraph:
In the interests of safety each prop should touch on their opponent's upper arm, then pause prior to engagement, in the sequence: crouch, touch, pause, engage.
Notes:- (i) To the extent that it is necessary, the scrummage is to be moved from the place of infringement so that the scrummage is formed in the field-of-play and the feet of all the defending players in the scrummage are in the field of play.
(ii) When the place of infringement is within five metres of a touch-line the scrummage is to be formed five metres from that touch-line.
UNDER 19 VARIATION: Replace Note (ii) with the following note:
When the place of infringement is within five metres of a touch-line or a goal-line the scrummage is to be formed five metres from that touch-line or that goal-line respectively.
(iii) The referee shall mark the place of engagement with his foot before the scrummage is formed.
(iv) A crouched position is the extension of the normal stance by bending the knees sufficiently to step into the engagement without a charge.
(3) It is dangerous play for a front row to form down some distance from its opponents and rush against them. (P.K.)
Note:- (v) The referee should not call the front rows to engage until the ball is in the hands of the player putting in the ball and is available to be put in immediately. This call is not a command, but an indication that the front rows may engage when ready.
(4) Eight players from each team shall be required at all times to form a scrummage. While the scrummage is taking place the number of these players shall not be changed. These players shall remain bound in the scrummage until it ends. Each front row of a scrummage shall have three players in it at all times. The head of a player in the front row shall not be next to the head of a player of the same team. (P.K.)
Exception:
(a) when for any reason the number of players in a team is reduced to less than fifteen players, the number of players of each team in the scrummage may be similarly reduced. Any reduction must not be such that the number of players for any team in the scrummage is less than five. Where a permitted reduction is made by one team, there is no requirement for the other team to make a similar reduction;
(b) In the case of non-contested scrummages the provisions of Law 3 (12) shall apply.
UNDER 19 VARIATION: Replace Section 4 above with the following items (a) to (f):
(a) In an eight-man scrummage the formation must be 3-4-1 with the single player at the back (normally the number 8) packing between the two locks who must pack with their heads either side of the hooker.
(b) Throughout the duration of a scrummage there must be 8 players from each side in the scrummage except when these numbers are reduced by:-
* Availability
* A player or players ordered off under Law 26
* Injury
(c) Even allowing for the exception in (a) there must be never less than 5 players from each team in a scrummage.
(d) The composition of a scrummage, if a team is unable to field a complete team or maintain a complete team for any reason, shall be:-
* If one team is 1 short, then both scrummages must be a 3-4 formation.
* If one team is 2 short, then both scrummages must be a 3-2-1 formation.
* If one team is 3 short, then both scrummages must be a 3-2 formation.
(e) However, in respect of the three front row positions and the two lock positions in the middle row, should a team:-
* be unable to provide suitably trained replacements for an injured player or players
* be unable to field suitably trained players at the commencement of or during a match because of the lack of availability of players.
* have one or more of the above five designated players sent off under Law 26 AND be unable to replace them with suitably trained players from the remaining players, the referee must order a non-contestable or simulated scrummage which is a normal scrummage situation except:-
* there is no contest for the ball
* the team putting in the ball must win it
* neither team is permitted to push.
(f) There shall not be more than 8 players in a scrummage
Penalty:- Free Kick at the place of infringement. (F.K.)
(5) (a) While a scrummage is forming:
* the shoulders of each player in the front row must not be lower than his hips,
* all players in each front row must adopt a normal stance,
* both feet must be on the ground and not crossed,
* the hookers must be in a hooking position,
* a hooker's foot must not be in front of the forward feet of his props. (F.K.)
(b) While the scrummage is taking place, players in each front row must have their weight firmly on at least one foot and be in a position for an effective forward shove and the shoulders of each player must not be lower than his hips. (F.K.)
Notes:- (vi) The restriction on the crossing of the feet of the players in the front rows refers only to the feet of individual players. The feet of all players in the front rows must be in a position for an effective forward shove.
(vii) A hooking position is where a hooker in the scrummage has both feet on the ground, the weight retained firmly on one foot and in a position to hook or strike the ball.
(viii) A flank forward in the second or third row of a scrummage may pack at an angle provided he is properly bound. If the all is emerging from the back of the scrummage and he move outwards, thereby preventing an opponent from advancing around the scrummage, a penalty kick should be awarded.
(ix) In the event of the scrummage collapsing the referee should whistle immediately so that players do not continue to push. The referee should also whistle immediately if any player in the scrummage is lifted off his feet or is forced upwards out of the scrummage.
(x) The scrummage is ended:
* if the ball in the scrummage is on or over the goal line
* when the ball emerges from the scrummage
* if, in the scrummage, a player whose feet are the 'hindmost' feet in that scrummage, has the ball at his feet, unbinds and picks up the ball.
Binding of Players
(6) (a) The players of each front row shall bind firmly and continuously while the scrummage is forming, while the ball is being put in and while it is in the scrummage (P.K.)
(b) The hooker may bind either over or under the arms of his props but, in either case, he must bind firmly around their bodies at or below the level of the armpits. The props must bind the hooker similarly. The hooker must not be supported so that he is not carrying any weight on either foot. (P.K.)
(c) The outside (loose-head) prop must either (i) bind his opposing (tight-head) prop with his left arm inside the right arm of his opponent, or (ii) place his left hand or forearm on his left thigh.
The tight-head prop must bind with his right arm outside the left upper arm of his opposing loose-head prop. He must grip the jersey (not the sleeve or arm) of his opposing loose head prop with his right hand and he must not exert a downward pressure. (P.K.)
(d) Any player in a scurmmage who is not a front row player must bind with one arm around one of the locks. Each lock must bind with the prop immediately in front of him. All participating players shall bind firmly and continuously while the scrummage is taking place. (P.K.)
(e) No outside player other than a prop may hold an opponent with his outer arm. (F.K.)
Note:- (xi) It is permissible for the outside (loose-head) prop to alter his binding with his left arm, within the provisions of Law 20(6)(c), at any time during a scrummage.
Putting the Ball into the Scrummage
(7) When an infringement occurs the team not responsible shall put in the ball.
In other circumstances the put-in shall be awarded:
(a) as provided by the Laws;
(b) if not provided by the Laws to the team moving forward prior to the stoppage; or
(c) if neither team was moving forward, to the attacking team.
(8) The ball shall be put in without delay as soon as the two front rows have closed together. A team must put in the ball when ordered to do so and on the side first chosen. (F.K.)
Notes:- (xii) In the interests of safety, the referee has authority to permit delay in putting in the ball if a player in the front row has not succeeded in getting his head down in the scrummage but otherwise he should ensure that there is no delay.
(xiii) A free kick should be awarded if the referee is satisfied that delay by the team in putting the ball in is deliberate and prejudices the other team.
(9) The player putting in the ball shall
(a) stand one metre from the scrummage and midway between the two front rows; (F.K.)
(b) hold the ball with both hands midway between the two front rows at a level midway between his knee and ankle; (F.K.)
(c) from that position put in the ball
* without any delay or without feint or backward movement, i.e. with a single forward movement, and
* at a quick speed straight along the middle line so that it first touches the ground immediately beyond the width of the nearer prop's shoulders. (F.K.)
(10) Play in the scrummage begins when the ball leaves the hands of the player putting it in.
(11) If the ball is put in and it comes out at either end of the tunnel, it shall be put in again, unless a free kick or penalty kick has been awarded. If the ball comes out otherwise than at either end of the tunnel and if a penalty kick has not been awarded play shall proceed.
Note:- (xiv) Advantage applies as soon as the ball has been put into the scrummage and played.
Restrictions on Front Row Players
(12) All front row players must place their feet so as to allow a clear tunnel. A player must not prevent the ball from being put into the scrummage, or from touching the ground at the required place. (F.K.)
(13) No front row player may raise or advance a foot until the ball has left the hands of the player putting it into the scrummage. (F.K.)
Note:- (xv) Until any foot is permitted to be raised or advanced, that foot must be kept in the normal position.
(14) When the ball has touched the ground, any foot of any player in either front row may be used in an attempt to gain possession of the ball subject to the following:-
players in the front row must not at any time during the scrummage wilfully:-
(a) raise both feet off the ground at the same time, (P.K.) or
(b) adopt a position or take any action, by twisting or lowering the body or by pulling on an opponent's dress, which is likely to cause the scrummage to collapse, (P.K.) or
(c) lift an opponent off his feet or force him upwards out of the scrummage, (P.K.) or
(d) kick the ball out of the tunnel in the direction from which it is put in (F.K.)
Notes:- (xvi) The prohibition against a player in the front row raising both feet off the ground at the same time or striking at the ball with both feet applies during the whole scrummage and not merely to the period while the ball is being put in.
(xvii) Referees must be strict in applying penalties for wilfully kicking out. Repeated kicking out must be treated as wilful.
(xviii) When the referee orders the ball to be put in again it must be put in by a player of the same team that was first entitled to do so.
(xix) If the ball is about to pass straight through the tunnel and a far prop advances a foot so that the ball passes behind that foot, the ball must be put in again unless it has been lawfully played (i.e. touched) by a player in the front row.
Restrictions on Players
(15) Any player who is not in either front row must not play the ball while it is in the tunnel. (F.K.)
(16) A player must not:
(a) return the ball into the scrummage, (F.K.) or
(b) handle the ball in the scrummage except in the act of obtaining a 'push-over' try or touch-down, (P.K.) or
(c) pick up the ball in the scrummage by hand or legs, (P.K.)
(d) wilfully collapse the scrummage, (P.K.) or
(e) wilfully fall or kneel in the scrummage, (P.K.) or
(f) attempt to gain possession of the ball in the scrummage with any part of the body except the foot or lower leg. (F.K.) or
Note:- (xx) Referees must be strict in penalising for the wilful collapsing of the scrummage as stated under Law 20(16)(d) and Law 26(3)(h).
(g) fall on or over the ball emerging from a scrummage.
(17)(a) The player putting in the ball and his immediate opponent must not kick the ball while it is in the scrummage. (P.K.)
(b) Neither of the players referred to in (a) should take any action while the ball is in the scrummage to convey to the opponents that the ball is out of the scrummage. (F.K.)
(18) A scrummage must not be wheeled beyond a position where the middle line becomes parallel to the touch line. The scrummage will be reformed at the site of the stoppage, the ball to be put in by the side that has gained possession or otherwise by the same team.
UNDER 19 VARIATION: Replace Section 18 above with a new Section 18 as follows:
(18) A scrummage must not be wilfully wheeled.
Penalty:- Penalty Kick at the place of infringement.
Note:-(xxi) If a player repeatedly infringes, he must be dealt with Under Law 26(2).
UNDER 19 VARIATION: Add a new Note (xxii)
The referee should stop play if an unintentional wheel reaches 45 degrees. If it is wilful he will award a penalty kick, but if it is unintentional the scrummage will be reformed at the site of the stoppage.
Penalty:-(a) For an infringement of paragraphs (1), (2), (5), (6)(e), (8), (9), (12), (13), (14)(d), (15), (16)(a) and (f) and (17)(a) and (b), a free kick at the place of infringement.
(b) For an infringement of paragraphs (3), (4), (6)(a)(b)(c) and (d), (14)(a)(b) and (c), or (16)(b)(c)(d)(e)and (g), a penalty kick at the place of infringement.
UNDER 19 VARIATION: Add a new Section 19:
(19) Release of the ball It is illegal to push the opposing scrummage more than 1.5 metres from the original middle line of the scrummage towards either goal-line. A player must not hold the ball wilfully in the scrummage once control is established at the base of the scrummage.
Penalty:- Free Kick at the place of infringement.
For Off-side at Scrummage see Law 24 B.
LAW 21. RUCK
A ruck, which can take place only in the field-of-play, is formed when the ball is on the ground and one or more players from each team are on their feet and in physical contact, closing around the ball between them.
Rucking is the act of a player who, in a ruck, is using his feet to retrieve or retain the ball without contravening Law 26.
If the ball in a ruck is on or over the goal line the ruck is ended.
(1) Players forming, joining or participating in a ruck must have their heads and shoulders no lower than their hips and be on their feet. A player joining a ruck must bind with at least one arm around the body of a player of his team in the ruck. (F.K.)
Penalty:- Free kick at the place of infringement.
Note:-(i) The placing of a hand on another player is not binding. Binding involves the whole arm, from hand to shoulder.
(2) A player must not:-
(a) return the ball into the ruck, or
(b) take any action while the ball is in the ruck to convey to the opponents that the ball is out of the ruck.
Penalty:- Free kick at the place of infringement.
(c) handle the ball in the ruck except in the act of securing a try or touch-down, or
(d) pick up the ball in the ruck by hand or legs, or
(e) wilfully collapse the ruck, or
(f) jump on top of other players in the ruck, or
(g) wilfully fall or kneel in the ruck, or
(h) while lying on the ground interfere in any way with the ball in or emerging from the ruck. He must do his best to roll away from it, or
(i) fall on or over the ball emerging from a ruck. (P.K.)
Penalty: For (c) to (i), a penalty kick at the place of infringement.
For Off-side at Ruck see Law 24 C.
Note:- (ii) Players' safety is of primary importance and players should ruck for the ball and not the players on the ground. Players rucking for the ball should attempt to step over other players lying on the ground and should not intentionally step on them. Players must ruck in close proximity to the ball.
(3) When the ball in a ruck becomes unplayable a scrummage shall be ordered and the ball put in by the team moving forward immediately prior to the stoppage. When neither team was moving forward or when the referee is unable to determine which team was moving forward prior to the stoppage the ball shall be put in by:
(a) the team moving forward immediately before the formation of the ruck; or
(b) if no team was moving forward, the ball shall be put in by the attacking team.
Note:-(iii) Before whistling for a scrummage the referee should allow a reasonable time for the ball to emerge from the ruck particularly if either team is moving forward. If the ruck becomes stationary or in the opinion of the referee the ball will probably not emerge from the ruck without delay, he should order a scrummage.
LAW 22. MAUL
A maul, which can take place only in the field-of-play, is formed by one or more players from each team on their feet and in physical contact closing round a player who is in possession of the ball.
A maul ends when the ball in on the ground or the ball or a player carrying it emerges from the maul or when a scrummage is ordered.
If the ball in a maul is on or over the goal line the maul is ended.
(1) A player joining a maul must have his head and shoulders no lower than his hips.
Penalty:- Free kick at the place of infringement.
(2) A player must not:-
(a) jump on top of players in a maul
(b) wilfully collapse a maul
(c) attempt to drag an opponent out of a maul.
Penalty:- Penalty kick at the place of infringement.
(d) take any action while the ball is in the maul to convey to the opponents that the ball is out of the maul.
Penalty:- Free Kick at the place of infringement
(3) A player is not in physical contact unless he is caught in or bound to the maul and not merely alongside it.
(4) (a) When a maul remains stationary or stops moving forward or collapses (not subject of Law 26 (3) (h)) or the ball in a maul becomes unplayable, a scrummage shall be ordered. The ball shall be put in by the team NOT in possession at the commencement of the maul.
If the referee is unable to determine which team was in possession the ball shall be put in by:
* the team which was going forward prior to the stoppage; or
* if neither team was going forward by the attacking team.
(b) If a player catches the ball direct from a kick by an opponent other than from a kick-off or from a drop-out, and is immediately held by an opponent so that a maul ensues and the maul becomes stationary or the ball becomes unplayable his team shall put in the ball at the ensuing scrummage.
Notes:- (i) Direct from a kick means the ball has been caught without having bounced off the playing surface or without having touched or been touched in flight by another player.
(ii) When the maul becomes stationary but the ball is being moved and can be seen by the referee, he should allow a reasonable time for the ball to emerge but not permit the maul to start moving again. When the ball in a maul becomes unplayable the referee should not allow prolonged wrestling for the ball and should order a scrummage.
(iii) If the ball carrier in a maul goes to ground including being on one knee or both knees or sitting on the ground, a scrummage is to be ordered unless the ball is immediately available for the continuation of play.
For Off-side at Maul see Law 24 C.
LAW 23. TOUCH AND LINE-OUT
A. Touch
(1) The ball is in touch
* when it is not being carried by a player and it touches a touch line or the ground or a person or object on or beyond it, or
* when it is being carried by a player and it or the player carrying it touches a touch line or the ground beyond it.
(2) If the ball is not in touch and has not crossed the plane of the touchline, a player who is in touch may kick the ball or propel it with his hand but not hold it.
(3) The ball in deemed to have been kicked directly into touch if, from a kick, it is in touch without having pitched on the playing area or without having touched or been touched in flight by a player or the referee.
Notes:- (i) (a) If the ball is kicked directly into touch from a kick-off and the opposing team elects to accept the kick, the line-out shall be formed
(i) at the half-way line, or
(ii) where the ball went into touch if that place be nearer to kicker's goal line.
(b) If the ball is kicked directly into touch from a drop-out and the opposing team elects to accept the kick, the line-out shall be formed where the ball went into touch.
(ii) On or beyond the touch-line or touch-in-goal line refers to all areas except the playing area.
(iii) It is not touch or touch-in-goal when a player with both feet in the playing area catches the ball, even though the ball before being caught has crossed the touch-line or touch-in-goal line. Such a player may deflect or tap the ball into the playing area provided it is not propelled forward. If a player jumps and catches the ball his feet must land in the playing area.
B. Line-Out
The line-of-touch is an imaginary line in the field-of-play at right angles to the touch line through the place where the ball is to be thrown in.
Formation of line-out
(1) A line-out is formed by at least two players from each team lining up in single lines parallel to the line-of-touch in readiness for the ball to be thrown in between them. The team throwing in the ball shall determine the maximum number of players from either team who so line up. Such players are those 'in the line-out' unless excluded below. (F.K.)
Note:- (iv) Prior to the beginning of the line-out, a free kick should be awarded for offences in forming the line-out, including wilfully failing to form a line-out or to line up at least two players.
(2) Each team must line up half a metre on its side of the line-of-touch, so as to leave a clear space of one metre between the two lines of players. (F.K.)
Note:- (v) The distance of one metre for the clear space is between the shoulders of the players when standing upright.
(3) The line-of-touch must not be less than one metre from the goal-line. The line-out stretches from five metres from the touch line from which the ball is being thrown in to a position fifteen metres from that touch line. (F.K.)
(4) Any player of either team who is further than fifteen metres from the touch line when the line-out begins is not in the line-out. (F.K.)
Note:- (vi) If, at a formed line-out, the team throwing in the ball line up less than the normal number, their opponents must be given a reasonable opportunity to conform. Opposing players who are retiring for that purpose must do so directly and without delay to a line ten metres behind the line-of-touch. Loiterers must be penalised. Subject to this, when the line-out is ended players so retiring may rejoin play, even if they have not reached the ten metres line.
Throwing in the Ball
(5) When the ball is in touch the place at which it must be thrown in is as follows:-
(a) When the ball goes into touch from a penalty kick; or from a kick including a free kick awarded within twenty-two metres of the kicker's goal line, at the place where it touched or crossed the touch line, except as otherwise provided.
(b) When the kicker has received the ball outside his 22 metre line and retreated behind that line before kicking, and on other occasions when the ball is kicked directly into touch, after having been kicked otherwise than as stated in (a), opposite the place from which the ball was kicked or at the place where it touched or crossed the touch-line if that place be nearer to the kicker's goal-line.
(c) When a quick throw-in is taken, from any point along the touch-line between where the ball went into touch and the goal-line of the team throwing in the ball.
(d) Otherwise when the ball is in touch, at the place where the ball touched or crossed the touch-line.
(6) (a) When kicked into touch from a penalty kick, the ball will be thrown in at the line-out by the team which kicked the ball into touch.
(b) Otherwise the ball it to be thrown in by an opponent of the player whom it last touched, or by whom it was carried before being in touch.
(c) In the event of doubt as to which team should throw in the ball, the attacking team shall do so.
(7) The ball may be brought into play at a formed line-out or by a quick throw in which can only be taken before the line-out has formed.
If a quick throw-in occurs after the line-out has formed, it is void and the ball is brought into play at the formed line-out by the same team.
(8) At a formed line-out the player throwing in the ball must:-
* not put any part of either foot in the field of play.
* throw the ball in at the place indicated in (5) so that it first touches the ground or touches or is touched by a player at least five metres from the touch-line along the line-of-touch; otherwise the opposing team shall have the right, as its option, to throw in the ball or to take a scrummage fifteen metres from the touchline.
(9) (a) At a quick throw-in, the ball that went into touch must be used and, after going into touch, unless it has been touched only by the player throwing it in, the ball shall be thrown in at the place indicated in (5) by the same team.
(b) At a quick throw-in, the ball must be thrown straight along the line-of-touch so that it first touches the ground or touches or is touched by a player at least five metres from the touch-line along the line of touch.
(c) At a quick throw-in a player must not prevent the ball from being thrown five metres (F.K.).
(10) If, on the second occasion, the ball is not thrown in correctly, a scrummage shall be formed and the ball shall be put in by the team which threw it in on the first occasion.
Note:- (vii) If a player wilfully or repeatedly throws the ball in not straight, a penalty kick should be awarded. If at a formed line-out a player delays or feints to throw the ball in, a free kick should be awarded.
Beginning and End of Line-Out
(11) The line-out begins when the ball leaves the hands of the player throwing it in. No player may jump for the ball or support any player before the ball has left the hands of the player throwing it in. (F.K.)
(12) The line-out ends when
* a ruck or maul is taking place and all feet of players in the ruck or maul have moved beyond the line-of-touch, or
* a player carrying the ball leaves the line-out, or
* the ball has been passed, knocked back or kicked from the line-out, or
* the ball is thrown beyond a position fifteen metres from the touch-line, or
* the ball becomes unplayable.
Notes:- (viii) If a player participating in a line-out hands the ball to another player who is peeling off from the line-out, the line-out ends when the second player takes the ball.
(ix) When the ball has been passed or knocked back from a line-out, the line-out is ended. Players in front of a player of their own team who receives the ball from the line-out may be off-side but they should only be penalised under Law 24 A if they play the ball or obstruct an opponent in any way.
(x) A ruck or maul has not moved from the line-of-touch unless all the feet of the players in the ruck or maul have moved beyond that line.
Peeling Off
"Peeling-off" occurs when a player (or players) moves from his position in the line-out for the purpose of catching the ball when it has been passed or knocked back by another of his team in the line-out.
(13) When the ball is in touch players who approach the line-of-touch must always be presumed to do so for the purpose of forming a line-out. Before the ball leaves the hands of the player throwing it in, the players in the line-out must not leave it but may change their position along the line-of-touch. After the ball has been thrown in such players must not leave the line-out except in a peel-off movement or to join a maul. (F.K.)
Exception:-
At a quick throw-in, when a player may come to the line-of-touch and retire from that position without penalty.
(14) In a peeling off movement a player must move parallel and close to the line-out. (F.K.)
Restrictions on Players in Line-out
(15) Experimental Variation.
When a line-out is taking place, any player in the line-out must NOT
(a) stand within five metres of the touch-line or prevent the ball from being thrown five metres (F.K.), or F.K.
(b) be off-side (P.K.), or P.K.
(c) use an opponent as a support to enable him to jump for the ball (P.K.), or
P.K.
(d) hold, push, charge, obstruct or grasp an opponent not holding the ball, except when a ruck or a maul is taking place (P.K.), or P.K.
(e) charge an opponent except in an attempt to tackle him or to play the ball (P.K.), or
P.K.
(f) use any player of his team as a support to enable him to jump for the ball (F.K.), or
F.K.
(g) lift a player of his team (F.K.), or F.K.
(h) support any player of his team before this player has jumped for the ball (F.K.), or
F.K.
(i) hold a supported player below the waist (P.K.). P.K.
Notes:- (xi) Law 23B(8) is not an alternative to Law 23B(15)(a). The first is an obligation on the thrower, the second is an obligation on the receiver. If a player prevents the ball from reaching five metres it must always be penalised by a free kick.
(xii) Any movement of a player beyond a position fifteen metres from the touch line must be solely for the purpose of catching or jumping to catch the ball. The player may move in-field in an attempt to catch the ball only after it leaves the hand of the player throwing it in.
(xiii) A player acting as scrum-half may not stand or move beyond a position fifteen metres from the touch line before the ball has passed that position unless he moves to anticipate a long throw-in but he may so move only in accordance with the conditions in the preceding note (xii).
(xiv) Any infringement between the formation of the line-out and its beginning shall be dealt with under the provisions of Law 26(3)(e).
Experimental Variation
(16) A player jumping for the ball must do so with either both hands or his inside arm to catch or deflect the ball. When a player plays the ball with both hands above his head, he is allowed to use either hand. (F.K.)
(17) Except when jumping for the ball or peeling off, a clear space of one metre must be left between the two lines of players until the ball has touched or has been touched by a player or has touched the ground. (F.K.)
Note:- (xv) The act of jumping for the ball may include a step or steps in any direction provided it takes the jumper up to but not across the line-of-touch.
(18) A player in the line-out may move into the space between the touch line and the five metres mark only when the ball has been thrown beyond him and, if he does so, he must not move towards his goal line before the line-out ends, except in a peeling off movement. (F.K.)
(19) Until the line-out ends, no player may move beyond a position fifteen metres from the touch line except as allowed when the ball is thrown beyond that position, in accordance with the Exception following Law 24D(1)(c). (P.K.)
Note:- (xvi) If the ball in a line-out becomes unplayable, otherwise than as a result of an infringement for which a penalty is prescribed, a scrummage should be ordered.
(20) A player participating in the line-out as defined in Law 24D may run into a gap in the line-out and take the ball provided he does not charge or obstruct an opponent in the line-out. (P.K.)
Restrictions on Players not in Line-out
(21) Players of either team who are not in the line-out may not advance from behind the line-out and take the ball from the throw-in unless in accordance with the exception in Law 24 D (3).
Penalty:-
(a) For an infringement of paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (4), (9c), (11), (13), (14), (15)(a), (f), (g) or (h) a free kick fifteen metres from the touch line along the line-of-touch.
(b) For an infringement of paragraphs (15)(b), (c) (d) (e) or (i), (19) or (20), a penalty kick fifteen metres from the touch line along the line-of-touch.
(c) For an infringement of paragraph (21), a penalty kick on the offending team's off-side line (as defined in Law 24 D) opposite the place of infringement, but not less than fifteen metres from the touch line.
Place of Scrummage:-
Any scrummage taken or ordered under this Law or as the result of any infringement in a line-out shall be formed fifteen metres from the touch line along the line-of-touch.
Note:- (xvii) If a player repeatedly infringes, he must be dealt with under Law 26(2).
For Off-side at Line-out see Law 24 D.
LAW 24. OFF-SIDE
Off-side means that a player is in a position in which he is out of the game and is liable to penalty.
In general play the player is in an off-side position because he is in front of the ball when it has been last played by another player of his team.
In play at scrummage, ruck, maul or line-out the player is off-side because he remains or advances in front of the line or place stated in, or otherwise infringes, the relevant sections of this Law.
A. Off-Side in General Play
(1) A player is in an off-side position if the ball has been
* kicked, or
* touched, or
* is being carried
* by one of his team behind him.
(2) There is no penalty for being in an off-side position unless:-
(a) the player plays the ball or obstructs an opponent, or
(b) he being within ten metres of an opponent waiting to play the ball or of the place where the ball pitches does not retire without delay and without interfering with the opponent, or
(c) he, on all other occasions, moves towards the opponents waiting to play the ball or to the place where the ball pitches, before he is put on-side.
Exceptions:-
(i) When an off-side player cannot avoid being touched by the ball or by a player carrying it, he is 'accidentally off-side'. Play should be allowed to continue unless the infringing team obtains an advantage, in which case a scrummage shall be formed at that place.
(ii) A player who receives an unintentional throw-forward is not off-side.
Penalty:- Penalty kick at the place of infringement, or, at the option of the non-offending team, a scrummage at the place where the ball was last played by the offending team. If the latter place is in In-goal, the penalty kick shall be taken or the scrummage shall be formed five metres from the goal in, on a line through the place.
For an infringement of (2)(c) by more than one player, the place of infringement will be that of the off-side player closest to the player waiting for the ball or where the ball pitches.
Notes:- (i) A penalty for off-side should not be given at once if the non-offending team gains an advantage or if it appears likely to gain an advantage; but if the expected advantage is not gained, the penalty should in all cases be awarded even if it is necessary to bring play back for that purpose to the place of infringement.
(ii) When a player knocks on and an off-side player of the same team next plays the ball, a penalty for off-side should not be awarded unless the off-side deprives the non-offending team of an advantage.
(iii) A player can be off-side in his In-goal.
(iv) If a player hands the ball to another player of his team in front of him, the second player is off-side. A scrummage for 'accidental off-side' should be awarded unless it is considered the player was wilfully off-side in which case a penalty kick should be awarded.
(v) The referee should whistle at once if an off-side player who cannot be placed on-side charges within ten metres of an opponent waiting to receive the ball. Delay may prove dangerous to the latter player.
Where there is no opponent waiting to play the ball but one arrives as the ball pitches, an off-side player who is near such opponent must not obstruct or interfere with him in any way whatsoever before he is put on-side.
(vi) If an attacking player kicks the ball which is miss-fielded by an opponent and the ball is then played by another attacking player in an off-side position within ten metres of the opponent, a penalty kick should be awarded.
(vii) If an attacking player kicks the ball which is charged down by an opponent and another attacking player within ten metres of the opponent then plays the ball, play should be allowed to continue. The opponent was not "waiting to play the ball" and the second attacking player is therefore on-side under Law 25(2).
(viii) Law 24A(2)(b) and (c) also apply where the ball has struck a goal-post or cross-bar. Off-side players must not approach or remain within ten metres of an opponent waiting to play the ball or the place where the ball pitches.
B. Off-Side at Scrummage
The term "off-side line" means a line parallel to the goal lines through the hindmost foot of the player's team in the scrummage.
While a scrummage is forming or is taking place:-
(1) A player is off-side if he, not being in the scrummage nor the player of either team who puts the ball in the scrummage:
(a) fails to retire behind the off-side line or to his goal-line whichever is the nearer; (P.K.) or
(b) places either foot in front of the off-side line while the ball is in the scrummage. (P.K.)
UNDER 19 VARIATION: Add a new Section (C)
(c) No 8 is the only player who is permitted to detach and pick up the emerged ball if he is the last man in a 3-4-1 scrummage (as in International Law). On his so doing, the scrummage is ended.
Penalty:- Penalty Kick at the place of infringement.
(2) A player is offside if:
(a) he being the player in a scrum half position whose team has won the ball, places both feet in front of the ball while it is still in the scrummage; or
(b) he being the immediate opponent of the player in a scrum half position whose team has won the ball, places either foot in front of the ball while it is still in the scrummage.
(3) A player is offside if he, being the immediate opponent of the player putting in the ball, moves to the opposite side of the scrummage or moves away from the scrummage and is in front of the scrummage off-side line.
Penalty:- Penalty kick on the off-side line.
Notes:- (ix) Players must retire without delay to the scrummage off-side line when a scrummage is forming. Loiterers must be penalised.
(x) Any player of either team may at a particular scrummage be the player who puts in the ball or who takes up position as scrum-half when his opponent is putting in the ball; but such player is at that scrummage the only player of his team who has the benefit of Law 24B(2).
C. Off-side at Ruck or Maul
The term 'off-side line' means a line parallel to the goal-lines through the hindmost foot of the player's team in the ruck or maul.
(1) Ruck or Maul otherwise than at line-out
While a ruck or maul is taking place (including a ruck or maul which continues after a line-out has ended) a player is off-side if he:-
(a) joins it from his opponents' side, or
(b) joins it in front of the hindmost player of his team in the ruck or maul, or
(c) does not join the ruck or maul but fails to retire behind the off-side line without delay or
(d) unbinds from the ruck or leaves the maul and does not immediately retire behind the off-side line, or once he is on side, if he rejoins the ruck or maul in front of the hindmost player of his team in the ruck or maul, or
(e) advances beyond the off-side line with either foot and does not join the ruck or maul.
Penalty:- Penalty kick on the off-side line.
(2) Ruck or Maul at Line-out
The term 'participating in the line-out' has the same meaning as in Section D of this Law. A player participating in the line-out is not obliged to join or remain in the ruck or maul and if he is not in the ruck or maul he continues to participate in the line-out until it has ended.
While a line-out is in progress and a ruck or maul takes place, a player is off-side if he:-
(a) joins the ruck or maul from his opponent's side, or
(b) joins it in front of the hindmost player of his team in the ruck or maul, or
(c) being a player who is participating in the line-out and is not in the ruck or maul, does not retire to and remain at the off-side line defined in this Section, or
Penalty:- Penalty kick fifteen metres from the touch-line along the line-of-touch.
(d) being a player who is not participating in the line-out, remains or advances with either foot in front of the off-side line defined in Section D of this Law.
Penalty:- Penalty kick on the offending team's off-side line opposite the place of infringement, but not less than fifteen metres from the touch line.
Note:- (xi) When the line-out has ended but the ruck or maul is still taking place, a player is off-side if he infringes Section (1) of these Laws.
D. Off-side at Line-out
The term 'participating in the line-out' refers exclusively to the following players:-
* those players who are in the line-out, and
* the player who throws in the ball, and
* his immediate opponent who may have the option of throwing in the ball, and
* one other player of either team who takes up position to receive the ball if it is passed or knocked back from the line-out.
All other players are not participating in the line-out.
The term 'off-side line' means a line ten metres behind the line-of-touch and parallel to the goal lines or, if the goal line be nearer than ten metres to the line-of-touch, the 'off-side lie' is the goal line.
Off-side while participating in line-out
(1) A participating player is off-side if:-
(a) before the ball has touched a player or the ground he wilfully remains or advances with either foot in front of the line-of-touch, unless he advances while jumping for the ball, provided that the jump is made from his side of the line-of-touch, or
(b) after the ball has touched a player or the ground, if he is not carrying the ball, he advances with either foot in front of the ball, unless he is lawfully tackling or attempting to tackle an opponent who is participating in the line-out. Such tackle or attempt to tackle must, however, start from his side of the ball, or
(c) before the line-out ends he moves beyond a position fifteen metres from the touch line.
Exception:- Players of the team throwing in the ball may move beyond a position fifteen metres from the touch line for a long throw-in to them. They may do so only when the ball leaves the hands of the player throwing it in and if they do so their opponents participating in the line-out may follow them. If players so move and the ball is not thrown to or beyond them they must be penalised for off-side.
Penalty:- Penalty kick fifteen metres from the touch line along the line-of-touch.
Notes:- (xii) Players who advance beyond the off-side line or who move beyond a position fifteen metres from the touch line in the expectation of a long throw-in must be penalised if, for any reason, the ball is not thrown beyond that position.
(xiii) A player jumping unsuccessfully for the ball who crosses the line-of-touch should be given an opportunity to retire before being penalised.
(xiv) The referee should be strict in dealing with those players who, while not disputing possession of the ball in the line-out, advance to an off-side position whether intentionally or not.
(2) The player throwing in the ball and his immediate opponent must:-
(a) remain within five metres of the touch line, or
(b) retire to the off-side line, or
(c) join the line-out after the ball has been thrown in five metres, or
(d) move into position to receive the ball if it is passed or knocked back from the line-out provided no other player is occupying that position at that line-out. If they do not they are off-side.
Penalty:- Penalty kick fifteen metres from the touch line along the line of touch.
Note:- (xv) If a player other than the wing-three-quarter throws in the ball from touch, the wing-three-quarter must retire to the off-side line, or join the line-out.
Off-side while not participating in line-out
(3) A player who is not participating is off-side if before the line-out has ended he advances or remains with either foot in front of the off-side line.
Exception:- Players of the team throwing in the ball who are not participating in the line-out may advance for a long throw-in to them beyond the line-out. They may do so only when the ball leaves the hands of the player throwing in the ball and, if they do, their opponents may advance to meet them. If players so advance for a long throw-in to them and the ball is not thrown to them they must be penalised for off-side.
Note:- (xvi) If a player not participating in the line-out is off-side, the referee should not whistle immediately if the opposing team is likely to gain an advantage. He should apply the advantage law in all such cases.
Players returning to 'on-side' position
(4) A player is not obliged, before throwing in the ball, to wait until players of his team have returned to or behind the line-out but such players are off-side unless they return to an on-side position without delay.
Penalty:- Penalty kick on the offending team's off-side line (as defined in Section D of this Law) opposite the place of infringement but not less than fifteen metres from the touch line.
Note:- (xvii) Scrummage, Ruck, Maul and Line-out - where these Laws state a line which determines the off-side position such line stretches continuously from touch line to touch line.
LAW 25. ON-SIDE
On-side means that a player is in the Game and not liable to penalty for off-side.
Player made on-side by action of his team
(1) Any player who is off-side in general play and who is not infringing Law 24(A)(2) becomes on-side as a result of any of the following actions of his team:-
* when the off-side player has retired behind the player of his team who last kicked, touched or carried the ball, or
* when one of his team carrying the ball has run in front of him, or
* when one of his team has run in front of him after coming from the place or from behind the place where the ball was kicked.
* In order to put the off-side player on-side, this other player must be in the playing area, but he is not debarred from following up in touch or touch-in-goal.
Note:- (i) An off-side player who is within ten metres of an opponent waiting to play the ball or the place where the ball pitches must retire and continue to do so up to ten metres until he is put on-side. If he does not do so, he must be penalised.
Player made on-side by action of opposing team
(2) Any player who is off-side in general play, except an off-side player within ten metres of an opponent waiting to play the ball or the place where the ball pitches, becomes on-side as a result of any of the following actions:-
* when an opponent carrying the ball has run five metres, or
* when an opponent kicks or passes the ball, or
* when an opponent intentionally touches the ball and does not catch or gather it.
An off-side player within ten metres of an opponent waiting to play the ball or the place where the ball pitches cannot be put on-side by any action of his opponents.
Any other off-side player in general play is always put on-side when an opponent plays the ball.
Player retiring at scrummage, ruck, maul or line-out
(3) A player who is in an off-side position when a scrummage, ruck, maul or line-out is forming or taking place and is retiring as required by Law 24(Off-side) becomes on-side:-
* when an opponent carrying the ball has run five metres, or
* when an opponent has kicked the ball.
An off-side player in this situation is not put on-side when an opponent passes the ball.
Notes:- (ii) The referee should be careful to ensure that no benefit under Law 25 (2) is gained by loiterers who wilfully remain in an off-side position and thereby prevent opponents from running with, kicking, passing or otherwise playing the ball.
(iii) When a team has gained quick possession from a scrummage, ruck, maul or line-out and starts a passing movement, opponents who are retiring must not be allowed to interfere with the movement unless the conditions of Law 25(3) exist. Referees should be strict in applying this.
LAW 26. FOUL PLAY
Foul Play is any action by a player which is contrary to the letter and spirit of the Game and includes obstruction, unfair play, misconduct, dangerous play, unsporting behaviour, retaliation and repeated infringements.
Obstruction
(1) It is illegal for any player:-
(a) who is running for the ball to charge or push an opponent also running for the ball, except shoulder to shoulder,
(b) who is in an off-side position wilfully to run or stand in front of another player of his team who is carrying the ball, thereby preventing an opponent from reaching the latter player,
(c) who is carrying the ball after it has come out of a scrummage, ruck, maul or line-out, to attempt to force his way through the players of his team in front of him,
(d) who is an outside player in a scrummage to prevent an opponent from advancing around the scrummage.
Penalty:- Penalty kick at the place of infringement. A penalty try may be awarded.
Notes:- (i) There are no circumstances in which a player carrying the ball can be penalised for obstruction.
(ii) The referee should note that:-
(a) The intention of this Law as regards the penalties to be imposed for serious forms of obstruction must be applied.
(b) If a player is guilty of charging or obstructing or holding an opponent who is not carrying the ball or any other form of foul play, before any other action is taken the player must at once be cautioned or ordered off. If he offends a second time, the referee has no alternative to ordering him off. If the offence prevents a try which probably would otherwise have been scored, a penalty try must be awarded.
(c) The intention of the Council of the International Board is that if the referee has any doubt as to the balance of probability, he should give the benefit of the doubt in favour of the non-offending team and award the penalty try.
Unfair Play, Repeated Infringements
(2) It is illegal for any player:
(a) deliberately to play unfairly or wilfully infringe any Law of the Game; (P.K.)
(b) wilfully to knock or throw the ball from the playing area into touch, touch-in-goal or over the dead-ball line; (P.K.)
(c) to infringe repeatedly any Law of the Game; (P.K.) or
Penalty-: Penalty kick at the place of infringement. A penalty try may be awarded if the offence prevents a try which otherwise would have been probably scored.
For offences under 2(c) occurring in In-goal, Law 14 penalty (e) applies.
For offences under 2(d) a player may be cautioned and, if he repeats the offence, must be ordered off.
(d) to waste time (F.K.) or
Misconduct, Dangerous Play
(3) It is illegal for any player:-
(a) to strike an opponent
(b) wilfully to hack or kick an opponent or to trip him with the foot or to trample on an opponent lying on the ground,
(c) to tackle early, or late or dangerously, including the action known as 'a stiff arm tackle',
(d) who is not running for the ball wilfully to charge or obstruct an opponent who has just kicked the ball,
(e) to hold, push, charge, obstruct or grasp an opponent not holding the ball except in a scrummage, ruck or maul.
(Except in a scrummage or ruck the dragging away of a player lying close to the ball is permitted. Otherwise pulling any part of the clothing of an opponent is holding.)
(f) in the front row of a scrummage to form down some distance from the opponents and rush against them,
(g) in the front row of a scrummage wilfully to lift an opponent off his feet or force him upwards out of the scrummage,
(h) wilfully to cause a scrummage, ruck or maul to collapse,
(i) while the ball is out of play to molest, obstruct or in any way interfere with an opponent or be guilty of any form of misconduct,
(j) to commit any misconduct on the playing area which is prejudicial to the spirit of good sportsmanship.
Penalty:- A player guilty of misconduct or dangerous play shall either be ordered off or else cautioned that he will be ordered off if he repeats the offence. For a similar offence after caution, the player must be ordered off.
In addition to a caution or ordering off a penalty try or a penalty kick shall be awarded as follows:-
(i) If the offence prevents a try which would otherwise probably have been scored, a penalty try shall be awarded.
(ii) The place for a penalty kick shall be:-
(a) For offences other than under paragraphs (d) and (i), at the place of infringement.
(b) For an infringement under (d) the non-offending team shall have the option of taking the kick at the place of infringement or where the ball alights, and if the ball alights
* in touch, the mark is fifteen metres from the touch line on a line parallel to the goal lines on a line parallel to the goal lines through the place where it went into touch, or
* within fifteen metres from the touch line, it is fifteen metres from the touch line on a line parallel to the goal lines through the place where it alighted, or
* in In-goal, touch-in-goal, or over or on the dead-ball line, it is five metres from the goal line on a line parallel to the touch line through the place where it crossed the goal line or fifteen metres from the touch line whichever is the greater. When the offence takes place in touch the 'place of infringement' in the optional penalty award is fifteen metres from the touch line opposite to where the offence took place:-
* If the offence take place in touch-in-goal, the 'place of infringement' in the optional penalty award is in the field-of-play five metres from the goal-line and fifteen metres from the touch-line.
(c) For an offence under (i), at any place where the ball would next have been brought into play if the offence had not occurred, or, if that place is on the touch line, fifteen metres from that place, on a line parallel to the goal lines.
(iii) For an infringement in In-goal, a penalty kick is to be awarded as provided for under Law 14 Penalties.
(iv) For an offence under Law 26(3)(i), the penalty kick is to be taken at whichever is the place where play would re-start, that is
* at the twenty-two metre line (at any point the non-offending team may select), or
* at the centre of the half-way line, or
* if a scrummage five metres from the goal line would otherwise have been awarded, at that place or fifteen metres from the touch line on a line five metres from and parallel to the goal line, whichever is the greater.
(v) For an offence which occurs outside the playing area while the ball is still in play and which is not otherwise covered in the foregoing, the penalty kick shall be awarded in the playing area fifteen metres from the touch line and opposite to where the offence took place.
(vi) For an offence reported by a touch-judge under Law 6B(6) a penalty kick may be awarded where the offence occurred or advantage may be played.
(4) It is illegal for a team to adopt ploys known as:-
(a) The Flying Wedge; and
(b) The Cavalry Charge
as described in Notes (xii) and (xiii).
Penalty:- Penalty Kick at the place of the original infringement.
Notes: - (iii) 'Playing the man without the ball' and all forms of dangerous tackling including early, late and stiff arm 'tackling' or tackling or attempting to tackle a player around the neck or head or above the line of the shoulders must be punished severely. Players who wilfully resort to this type of foul play must be ordered off the field. Advantage should be played, but a penalty try must be awarded if the dangerous tackle prevents a probable try.
(iv) It is for the referee to decide what constitutes a dangerous tackle, having regard to the circumstances, e.g. the apparent intentions of the tackler, or the nature of the tackle, or the defenceless position of the player being tackled or knocked over, which may be the cause of serious injury.
(v) The following actions constitute dangerous play:-
(a) If a player charges or knocks down an opponent carrying the ball without any attempt to grasp him (as in a tackle);
(b) If a player taps or pulls the foot or feet of another player who is jumping in a line-out;
(c) If a player attempts to tackle a player who, when fielding a kick in open play, is off the ground jumping for the ball.
(vi) A player shall not 'take the law into his own hands' nor wilfully do anything that is dangerous to an opponent even if the latter is infringing the Laws.
(vii) If a player is obstructed after kicking the ball and the ball strikes a goal post, the optional penalty should be awarded where the ball alights after bouncing off the post.
(viii) If a penalty kick has been awarded and, before the kick has been taken, the offending team infringes Law 26(3)(i), the referee should:-
(a) caution or order off the player guilty of misconduct and
(b) in addition advance the mark for the penalty kick ten metres, this to cover both the original infringement and the misconduct.
(ix) If a penalty kick is awarded to a team and before the kick is taken, a player of that team infringes Law 26(3)(i) the referee should:-
(a) caution or order off the player guilty of misconduct and
(b) declare the penalty kick void and
(c) award a penalty kick against the team last guilty of misconduct.
(x) The referee should note that:-
(a) Repeated infringement is a question of fact and not a question of whether the offender intended to infringe.
(b) If the same player has to be penalised repeatedly he should be dealt with under Law 26(2)(d).
(c) Foul play must not be condoned.
(d) Repeated infringements arise mainly in connection with Scrummages, Off-side and Line-outs. If a player has been penalised for infringing one of these Laws several times in the same match, he should be cautioned and, if he repeats the offence, ordered off.
(e) It is a question for the referee whether or not a series of the same offences by different players of a team amounts to repeated infringement. If he considers that is does, he should give a general warning to that team and, if the offence if repeated, he must order the offending player off the field.
(f) In deciding the number of offences which should constitute 'repeated infringement' the referee should always apply a strict standard in representative and senior matches. On the third occasion a caution must be given.
In the case of junior or minor matches where ignorance of the Laws and lack of skill may account for many infringements, a less strict standard may be applied.
(xi) The International Board and the Unions in membership with it will fully support referees in the strict and uniform enforcement of the Law as to repeated infringements.
(xii) Flying Wedge.
This move usually occurs close to the opponents goal line when a penalty kick or a free kick is awarded to the attacking team, and is initiated by a player either tapping the ball to himself or receiving a short pass, and then driving towards the goal line with his colleagues binding onto either side of him in a V or wedge formation. Frequently the player is isolated illegally by those of his own team in front of him. The dangers inherent in this formation are not for those initiating the move but for those trying to stop it.
(xiii) The Cavalry Charge.
A cavalry charge usually occurs when a penalty kick or free kick is awarded to the attacking team close to the opponents goal line. Players of the attacking team line up behind the kicker, spacing themselves across the field in gaps of a metre or two. On a signal from the kicker they begin to charge forward. Only when they are close to the kicker does he tap kick the ball and pass it to one of them. The defending team has to remain behind a line 10 metres from the mark of their own goal line (if nearer) until the ball has been kicked. The move is potentially dangerous.
Players Ordered Off
A player who is ordered off shall take no further part in the match. When a player is ordered off, the referee shall, as soon as possible after the match, send to the Union or other disciplinary body having jurisdiction over the match a report naming the player and describing the circumstances which necessitated the ordering off. The Union or other disciplinary body having jurisdiction over the match, shall consider such report and any other evidence they deem appropriate. The player ordered off shall have the right to be heard if he so desires and to produce video film or photographic evidence. They shall then take such action and impose such punishment as they see fit.
Citing of Players
Where a player commits an act of foul play which has not been detected by match officials, either of the Unions or affiliated organisations participating in the match have the discretion to cite that player to show cause why he should not be held accountable in the same way as a player who has been ordered off.
LAW 27. PENALTY KICK
A penalty kick is a kick awarded to the non-offending team as stated in the Laws.
It may be taken by any player of the non-offending team and by any form of kick provided that the kicker, if holding the ball, must propel it out of his hands or, if the ball is on the ground, he must propel it a visible distance from the mark. He may keep his hand on the ball while kicking it.
(1) The non-offending team has the option of taking a scrummage at the mark and shall put in the ball.
(2) When a penalty kick is taken the following shall apply:-
(a) The kick must be taken without undue delay.
(b) The kick must be taken at or behind the mark on a line through the mark and the kicker may place the ball for a place kick. If the place prescribed by the Laws for the award of a penalty kick is within five metres of the opponents' goal line, the mark for the penalty kick or a scrummage taken instead of it shall be five metres from the goal line on a line through that place.
(c) The kicker may kick the ball in any direction and he may play the ball again, without any restriction, except that if he has indicated to the referee that he intends to attempt a kick at goal or has taken any action indicating such intention he must not kick the ball in any other way. A player kicking for touch may only punt or drop kick the ball. Any indication of intention is irrevocable.
(d) The kicker's team, except the placer for a place kick, must be behind the ball until it has been kicked. However, retiring players of the kicker's team who are in front of the ball will not be penalised if their failure to retire is due to the rapidity with which the kick has been taken but they must not stop retiring and must not enter the game until they have been made on-side by an action of their own team as required by Law 25 (1).
(e) The opposing team must run without delay (and continue to do so while the kick is being taken and while the ball is being played by the kicker's team) to or behind a line parallel to the goal lines and ten metres from the mark, or to their own goal line if nearer to the mark. If a kick at goal is taken they must there remain motionless with their hands by their sides until the kick has been taken.
Retiring players will not be penalised if their failure to retire ten metres is due to the rapidity with which the kick has been taken, but they must not stop retiring and must not enter the game until they have retired ten metres back from where the penalty kick was awarded or until one of their own team who was at least ten metres from the mark has run in front of them.
(f) The opposing team must not wilfully resort to any action which may delay the taking of a penalty kick. This includes actions such as wilfully carrying, throwing or kicking the ball away out of the reach of the kicker or interfering with him.
Penalty:- For an infringement by the kicker's team - a scrummage at the mark.
For an infringement by the opposing team - a penalty kick ten metres in front of the mark or five metres from the goal line whichever is the nearer, on a line through the mark. Any player of the non-offending team may take the kick.
Notes:- (i) The kick must be taken with the ball which was in play unless the referee decides that the ball is defective.
(ii) The use of sand, sawdust or an approved kicking tee is permitted for placing the ball.
(iii) A player taking a penalty kick may not bounce the ball on his knee. The kick must be made with the foot or lower leg. If a player fails to kick the ball, a scrummage should be ordered.
(iv) In addition to the general provision regarding waste of time, the kicker is bound to kick without delay, under penalty.
The instructions in the second paragraph of note (i) on Law 13 apply also in the case of a penalty kick.
Even without a caution, if the delay is clearly a breach of Law the kick should be disallowed and a scrummage ordered.
(v) The referee must always make up time lost by any delay in taking the kick, as provided for in note (ii) under Law 5.
(vi) If the kicker appears to be about to take a kick at goal, the referee may ask him to state his intention.
(vii) If the kicker is taking a kick at goal, all players of the opposing team must remain passive from the time the kicker commences his run until the kick has been taken.
(viii) When a penalty kick is taken in In-goal, a penalty try shall be awarded if a defending player by foul play prevents an opponent from first grounding the ball.
(ix) If, from a penalty kick taken in In-goal, the ball travels into touch-in-goal or over the dead-ball line, a five metres scrummage should be ordered, the attacking team to put in the ball.
(x) If the kicker takes a drop kick and a goal results, the goal stands even though the kicker has not indicated to the referee an intention to kick at goal.
(xi) If, notwithstanding a prior infringement by the opposing team, a goal is kicked, the goal should be awarded instead of a further penalty kick.
(xii) The referee should not award a further penalty if he is satisfied that the reason for such further penalty has been deliberately contrived by the kicker's team, but should allow play to continue.
LAW 28. FREE KICK
A free kick is a kick awarded for a fair-catch or to the non-offending team as stated in the Laws. A goal may not be scored from a free kick.
The team awarded a free kick may not score a dropped goal until after the ball next becomes dead or the ball has been played or touched by an opposing player. This restriction applies similarly following a scrummage taken in lieu of a free kick.
A free kick awarded for an infringement may be taken by any player of the non-offending team.
A free kick may be taken by any form of kick, unless kicking for touch, provided that the kicker, if holding the ball must propel it out of his hands or, if the ball is on the ground he must propel it a visible distance from the mark. He may keep his hand on the ball while kicking it.
(1) The team awarded a free kick has the option of taking a scrummage at the mark and shall put in the ball.
(2) When a kick is taken, it must be taken without undue delay.
(3) The kick must be taken at or behind the mark on a line through the mark and the kicker may place the ball for a place kick.
(4) If the place prescribed by the Laws for the award of a free kick is within five metres of the opponents' goal line, the mark for the free kick, or the scrummage taken instead of it, shall be five metres from the goal line on a line through that place.
(5) The kicker may kick the ball in any direction and he may play the ball again without restriction. A player kicking for touch may only punt or drop kick the ball.
(6) The kicker's team, except the placer for a place kick, must be behind the ball until it has been kicked. However, retiring players of the kicker's team who are in front of the ball will not be penalised if their failure to retire is due to the rapidity with which the kick has been taken but they must not stop retiring and must not enter the game until they have been made on-side by an action of their own team as required by Law 25 (1).
(7) The opposing team must not wilfully resort to any action which may delay the taking of a free kick. This includes actions such as wilfully carrying, throwing, or kicking the ball away out of reach of the kicker.
(8) The opposing team must retire without delay to or behind a line parallel to the goal lines and ten metres from the mark or to their own goal line if nearer to the mark, or five metres from their opponents' goal line if the mark is in In-goal. Having so retired, players of the opposing team may charge with a view to preventing the kick, as soon as the kicker begins his run or offers to kick.
Retiring players must not stop retiring and must not enter the game until they have retired ten metres back form where the free kick was awarded or until one of their own team who was at least ten metres from the mark has run in front of them.
(9) If, having charged fairly, players of the opposing team prevent the kick being taken, it is void.
(10) Neither the kicker nor the placer shall wilfully do anything which may lead the opposing team to charge prematurely. If either does so, the charge shall not be disallowed.
Penalty:- For an infringement by the kicker's team or for a void kick - a scrummage at the mark and the opposing team shall put in the ball.
If the mark is In-goal, the scrummage shall be awarded five metres from the goal line on a line through the mark.
For an infringement by the opposing team - a free kick ten metres in front of the mark or five metres from the goal-line whichever is nearer on a line through the mark. Any player of the non-offending team may take the kick.
Notes:- (i) The kick must be taken with the ball which was in play unless the referee decides that the ball is defective.
(ii) A player taking a free kick may not bounce the ball on his knee. The kick must be made with the foot or lower leg. If a player fails to kick the ball, a scrummage should be ordered.
(iii) The kicker may not feint to kick and then draw back. Once he makes any movement to kick, the opponents may charge.
(iv) In addition to the general provision regarding waste of time, the kicker is bound to kick without delay, under penalty.
(v) The referee shall see that the opposing players do not gradually creep up and that they have both feet behind the ten metres line, otherwise he shall award a penalty in accordance with the penalty provisions of Law 28.
(vi) If the kick is taken from behind the goal line, the ball is in play if an opponent legitimately plays it before it crosses the goal line, and a try may be scored.
(vii) When a free kick is taken in In-goal, a penalty try shall be awarded if a defending player, by foul play, prevents an opponent from first grounding the ball.
(viii) If from a free kick taken in In-goal, the ball travels into touch-in-goal or over the dead-ball line, a five metres scrummage should be ordered, the attacking team to put in the ball.
(ix) If opponents lawfully charge down a free kick in the playing area, play should be allowed to continue.
(x) If a free kick has been awarded in the field-of-play and the player retires to his In-goal to take the kick and his opponents having lawfully charged prevent the kick from being taken, a scrummage shall be awarded five metres from the goal line on a line through the mark.
(xi) If a free kick has been awarded in In-goal and the opponents having lawfully charged prevent the kick from being taken, a scrummage shall be awarded five metres from the goal line on a line through the mark.
(xii) If the referee is satisfied that the reason for a free kick under the penalty provisions has been contrived, he should allow play to continue.

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